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ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DERIVING CONCLUSIONS IN SYLLOGISM
Point No 1 :
Point No 1 :
Statements : All girls are singers
No singer is dancer
In the above statements, term "girls" is called the Subject , "dancer" is called Predicate , "Singer" is called medium
The medium(singer) connects two statements to give a new conclusion “No girls is dancer”
Point No 2 :
In syllogism we deal with only 4 type of statements starting with
All
No
Some
Some are not.
→ Statements starting with 'All' is denoted with ‘A’ , Statements starting with 'No' is denoted with’ E’, Statements starting with 'Some' is denoted with ’I’ , Statements starting with 'Some are not' is denoted with ‘O’. { All → A , No → E , some → I , some are not →O}
Point No 3 :
When two statements are given, the valid conclusion is drawn only according to the combinations given in below table
Sentences Type | Conclusion Type |
1 ) All (A) + All (A) | → All (A) |
2) All (A) + No(E) | → No(E) |
3)No(E) + All(A) | → Some are not(O) |
4)No(E) + Some(I) | → Some are not(O) |
5)Some(I) + All(A) | → Some(I) |
6)Some(I) + No(E) | →Some are not(O) |
A+ A = A Type , A+E = E Type
E+A = O Type , E+I =O Type
I + A = I Type, I + E = O Type conclusions .
Example 1 :
Statements : All Tables are Chairs
All Chairs are Buildings
Explanation : Above given two statements are in A + A type combination . Hence conclusion should be in A+ A = A type .
Conclusion: All tables are buildings
Example 2 :
Statements: All tables are chairs
No chair is building
Explanation : Above given two statements are in A + E type combination. Hence conclusion should be in A+E = E type.
Conclusion: No table is building
Example 3:
Statements: Some tables are chairs
All chairs are buildings
Explanation: Above given two statements are in I + A type combination. Hence conclusion should be in I+ A= I type.
Conclusion: Some tables are buildings
Example 4:
Statements : Some tables are chairs
No chair is building
Explanation : Above given two statements are in I + E type combination. Hence conclusion should be in I + E = O type.
Conclusion: Some tables are not buildings
Point No 4:
While deriving conclusion by using above table , it is very important to keep in mind the format of conclusion.
Case 1
→ In all 4 combinations ( A+ A = A Type , A+E = E Type , I + A = I Type, I + E = O Type ) types , the Subject of conclusion should be Subject of first statement and Predicate of Conclusion should be Predicate of second statement .
Example:
Statements : All tabless1 are chairs
No chair is building P2
Explanation : Above given two statements are in A + E combination. Hence conclusion should be in A+ E = E type.
Conclusion: No tables1is buildingp1
Case 2 :
In E + a = O type and E + I= O type conclusions , Subject of conclusion is predicate of second statement and predicate of conclusion is subject of first statement.
Example :
Statements: No tabless1 is chair
Some chairs are building P2
Explanation : Above given two statements are in E + I combination . Hence conclusion should be in E+ I = O type .
Conclusion : Some buildings P2 are not tabless1
Point No 5:
If two conclusions have same Subject and same predicate And
They are I+O type or A+O type or I+E type of pairs , Then you should mark the answer as "Either I or II follows". The above pairs of conclusions are called Complementary pairs and because of that at least one of the conclusion is always true.
Point No 6:
Example:
Statements: Some tables are chairs
All chairs are buildings
Explanation: As above given two statements are in I + A combination, conclusion should be in I+A= I type .
Conclusion: Some tables are buildings
The Important point here is that above conclusion can be converted and re written as "Some buildings are tables." .
Both conclusions are correct for the above given statements as second conclusion is conversion of first conclusion. In Bank PO level exams , to trick you and make it hard , examiners will give converted conclusions mostly.
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