→ In the ratio denomination x / y , 'x' is called Antecedent and 'y' is called Consequent.
→ Equality of two ratios is called proportion and is denoted by symbol ' :: ' i. e
as 3: 2 = 15 :10 it is said to proportional which is denoted by 3:2 :: 15:10
→ In the above proportion 3 and 10 are called 'extremes' and 2 and 15 are called 'means'.
→ Unknown proportions can be fund out by applying following formula's
1) 1st proportion = 2nd X 3rd
---------------
4th
2) 2nd proportion = 1st X 4th
-------------
3rd
3) 3rd proportion = 1st X 4th
--------------
2nd
4) 4th proportion = 2nd X 3rd
---------------
1st
IMPORTANT FORMULAS
1)→ Compound ratio of a:b, c:d and e:f is
a X c X e
= ---------------- .
b X d X f
2) → If A:B=x:y and B:C=m:n then
x X m
A:C = ----------- and
y X n
A:B:C = mx : yn : yn
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Let us see examples
→ Example 1: If a:b = 2:3 , c:d =5:7 and e:f = 8 :11 then what is the compound ratio of a:b, c:d ,e:f ?
Solution: According to above formula
2 X 5 X 8
compound ratio = ---------------------
3 X 7 X 11
Example 2 : If A:B = 8 :12 , B:C= 2: 16 then find out A:C C and A:B:C .
Solution : According to above formula A:B:C
= 8 X 2 : 12 X 2 : 12 X 16
= 16 : 24: 192
= 2 : 3 : 24 .
A:C = 8 X 2
---------
16 X 12
16
= ------
192
2
= ----
24
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